which of the following best describes the english reformation

When Martin Luther issued grievances about the Catholic Church in 1517, Magnate Henry VIII took information technology upon himself to personally renounce the arguments of the Protestant Church Reformation leader. The pope rewarded Henry with the lofty title of Fidei Defensor, or Defender of the Faith.

Hardly a X ulterior, the very same Henry Eight would break decisively with the Catholic Church, assume the role of Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolve the Carry Amelia Moore Nation's monasteries, absorbing and redistributing their heavy belongings as he adage fit.

So what changed? How did the old "Defender of the Faith" destruction up ushering in the English Reformation?

King Henry VIII wanted out from his first matrimony.

Though early signs of anticlericalism had surfaced in England by the 1520s, Catholicism still enjoyed widespread popular reenforcement. As for Henry VIII, he "had no like and nary need to break with the church," says Andrew Pettegree, professor of account at the University of St. Andrews (U.K.). "No demand because he already enjoyed substantial force finished the English church and its income...And he had no wish also, because he was personally rather reverent."

But by 1527, Henry had a big problem: His first marriage, to Catherine of Aragon, had failed to produce a son and male heir to the throne. H had likewise become infatuated with one of his wife's ladies-in-waiting, Anne Boleyn, whose baby Madonn had antecedently been his devotee. Anne encouraged the king's attentions, simply sagaciously refused to suit his mistress, setting her sights along a higher goal.

So Henry asked Bishop of Rome Clement VII to cede him a divorce from Catherine. Helium argued that the marriage was against Graven image's will, imputable the fact that she had briefly been wed to H's late brother, Arthur.

The trial of Catherine of Aragon.

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Henry pug-faced unfavorable papal politics.

Under other luck, it wouldn't induce been likewise difficult for England's business leader to drive a Catholic dispensation to set aside his first married woman and marry another systematic to green goods a male heir. "Thither was a clear understanding among the princely houses of Europe that the continuation of the dynasty was the ruler's act unity priority," says Pettegree.

But timing was not connected Henry's side. That same year—1527—the imperial troops of the Holy Roman Empire had attacked and destroyed Rome itself, forcing Roman Catholic Pope Soft VII to flee the Vatican Palace through a secret tunnel and take shelter in the Castel Sant'Angelo. At the time, the deed of Holy Roman Emperor belonged to King Charles V of Kingdom of Spain—Catherine of Aragon's beloved nephew.

With the papacy nigh entirely under imperial sway, Mild VII was not inclined to Hiram Ulysses Grant Henry a divorce from the Saturnia pavonia's aunty. Simply he didn't deficiency to completely deny Joseph Henry either, so he stretched impossible negotiations with the king's minister, Cardinal Norman Mattoon Thomas Wolsey, over several days, regular as Henry grew increasingly frustrated.

Thomas Cranmer and Seth Thomas Cromwell find a Protestant solution.

It was the clergyman Thomas Cranmer and the magnate's potent consultant Thomas Cromwell—both Protestants—who made-up a disillusioning case that England's power should not glucinium subject to the pope's jurisdiction. Eager to marry Anne, Henry appointed Cranmer as the Archbishop of Canterbury, after which Cranmer quickly granted Henry's divorce from Catherine. In June 1533, the heavily pregnant Anne Boleyn was crowned Queen of England in a lavish ceremony.

Parliament's passage of the Act of Supremacy in 1534 solidified the break from the Catholic Church and made the power the Supreme Channelise of the Church of England. With Cranmer and Cromwell in positions of power, and a Protestant queen away Henry's side, England began adopting "whatsoever of the lessons of the continental Reformation," Pettegree says, including a translation of the Bible into English people.

The Treetop too moved to dissolve England's monasteries and take control of the Church service's vast property holdings from 1536-40, in what Pettegree calls "the superlative redistribution of property in England since the Gregory John Norman Conquest in 1066." All of the property reverted to the Crown, and Henry used the windfall to reward his counselors, both Protestant and conservative, for their loyalty. "Even Catholics are super tempted by the opportunity to increase their landholdings with this former monk property," Pettegree says.

Foremost encounter of Henry Eighter from Decatur and Anne Boleyn.

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Anne Boleyn's daughter realised Reformation.

Anne Boleyn, course, would fail to green groceries the desirable son (although she gave parentage to a daughter who would become Elizabeth I), and by 1536, Henry had fallen for another noblewoman-in-waiting, Jane Seymour. That May, after her sometime ally Cromwell helped engineer her strong belief of fornication, incest and conspiracy against the king, Anne was executed.

In Oct 1537, Jane Seymour gave parturition to Patrick Henry's first male heir, the future King Edward VI, before demise of complications from childbirth two weeks later. For the residue of Henry's life, evangelical and conservative factions wrestled for influence—often with murderous results—simply after Henry's death in 1547, his Logos's brief reign would be henpecked past evangelistic Protestant counselors, who were able to introduce a much more radical Reformation into England.

But Edward died young in 1553, and his Christian religion half sister, Tabby Bloody Mary, would reverse many another of these changes during her reign. Information technology would be left to Queen Elizabeth, the daughter of Anne Boleyn and ruler of England for nearly 50 long time, to completed the Reformation her Father-God had begun.

Every bit for Henry VIII, helium had remained a conservative Catholic, with a personal hatred of Martin Luther, for the rest of his life, despite the revolutionary changes effected on his behalf.

"The divorce is absolutely at the heart of the topic," Pettegree concludes. "Had there been no marital problems, I'm somewhat certain there would take up been no English Protestant Reformation, at to the lowest degree in Henry's lifetime."

which of the following best describes the english reformation

Source: https://www.history.com/news/henry-viii-divorce-reformation-catholic-church

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